{"id":"W2468324244","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2015-041","title":"Wealth Distribution and the Canadian Middle Class: Historical Evidence and Policy Implications","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Microdata (statistics); Middle class; Inequality; Wealth distribution; Distribution (mathematics); Distribution of wealth; Economics; Social stratification; Social class; Development economics; Demographic economics; Sociology; Market economy; Demography; Social science; Census","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002415843,0.0003340387,0.0004128595,0.008631222,0.005229037,0.002976638,0.001410641,0.000622302,0.009027656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007241438,0.0002250137,0.0004608039,0.01603222,0.002814601,0.001695044,0.0014634,0.001313158,0.0002968189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.06736144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05401813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.997546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9981902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986168,0.00008812408,0.000041147,0.0001594902,0.000613895,0.0004804424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925326,0.0008388356,0.0009327976,0.0003039661,0.004304474,0.00108734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002464248,0.00007778906,0.7086613,0.0006069596,0.0002836481,0.0004467254,0.008203021,0.001106277,0.0001685818,0.08122155,0.05172897,0.1472489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001293144,0.00001538728,0.9154043,0.0006654632,0.000102918,0.00008423645,0.004820682,0.0007198127,0.0001761569,0.003407576,0.07452903,0.00006142457],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6406997,0.1008337,0.001222804,0.06417944,0.0004038561,0.00008479678,0.03177353,0.00007581768,0.1607263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9691945,0.02220395,0.0003810016,0.0009099547,0.0001345755,0.00001055476,0.002700585,0.00001689037,0.004447942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06736144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4887437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05961540186166213,"score_gpt":0.2412693984253806,"score_spread":0.1816539965637185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}