{"id":"W2468333385","doi":"10.1109/jstqe.2016.2584978","title":"A Ring-Based 25 Gb/s DAC-Less PAM-4 Modulator","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Bandwidth (computing); Electro-optic modulator; Resonator; Interferometry; Phase modulation; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Optics; Optical modulator; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001855639,0.0002202837,0.0003875424,0.0001961916,0.0002104829,0.000320138,0.0009114458,0.0004519176,0.001643698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000225059,0.000167931,0.0001749621,0.0002302587,0.0001779339,0.0004022265,0.0002257654,0.0003435788,0.001003407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003454845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002692691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003363675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007324374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999775,0.00003445324,0.00001015757,0.00005761342,0.00009735965,0.00002540282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998611,0.00002672338,0.00004115095,0.00002121595,0.00003389136,0.00001594113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000121041,0.00003264131,0.0002009727,0.00006163344,0.000009776986,0.00007170197,0.0000200752,0.0005313406,0.9838595,0.0009106795,0.00030466,0.01387597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007892508,0.001068494,0.001508622,0.00001741455,0.00005196163,0.001155662,0.00001648033,0.02520727,0.9451126,0.0001639926,0.02556894,0.00004958256],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7812985,0.004456652,0.1916477,0.0004989082,0.0003981026,0.0002655331,0.000507341,0.002396754,0.01853051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.784596,0.0007426135,0.2013047,0.000154041,0.0001068584,0.00007928177,0.000238066,0.00003767772,0.01274078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001643698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005498707,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01062769640368647,"score_gpt":0.2256791667524842,"score_spread":0.2150514703487977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}