{"id":"W2472176988","doi":"10.12973/eurasia.2015.1325a","title":"Duality of Mathematical Thinking When Making Sense of Simple Word Problems: Theoretical Essay","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton; McGill University; Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Subtraction; Mathematics education; Elementary mathematics; Metaphor; Flexibility (engineering); Simple (philosophy); Word problem (mathematics education); Cognition; Word (group theory); Duality (order theory); Computer science; Process (computing); Cognitive science; Epistemology; Psychology; Mathematics; Linguistics; Arithmetic","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005564131,0.0001989617,0.0006803555,0.0007617763,0.0001085364,0.00005060789,0.0005053577,0.0001438052,0.00005484756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01117137,0.000145858,0.00007261956,0.001002869,0.002237358,0.0003299399,0.0002727511,0.0002952406,0.000004656581],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001360289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001310549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.303045e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.559827e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970279,0.00006583037,0.001355729,0.0002087133,0.001056844,0.0002850238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952786,0.0008841379,0.000955363,0.0003292405,0.002421272,0.0001313765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001307825,0.001140353,0.0006309948,0.0007078769,0.00004524003,0.000004152331,0.007477032,3.296955e-7,0.003226445,0.980287,0.0003078087,0.006159761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000334337,0.0001557304,0.00009740803,0.001350634,0.00009523859,0.0004365802,0.01389768,0.0001341895,0.02265535,0.9606786,0.00003326883,0.0001309794],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.964884,0.0002570185,0.02535586,0.002202154,0.000111525,0.0003802073,0.000001877681,0.0000334722,0.006773836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8079897,0.00001126517,0.1919027,0.00003557003,0.00002064152,0.000005587393,2.78644e-7,0.00001421065,0.00002009899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1665468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.036741880820017,"score_gpt":0.338284336162134,"score_spread":0.301542455342117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}