{"id":"W2472502184","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0154","title":"Biomass Evolution in Full‐Scale Anthracite‐Sand Drinking Water Filters Following Conversion to Biofiltration","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Dalhousie University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Biofilter; Biomass (ecology); Filtration (mathematics); Anthracite; Pulp and paper industry; Filter (signal processing); Chemistry; Environmental science; Steady state (chemistry); Environmental engineering; Animal science; Biology; Ecology; Coal; Mathematics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000379488,0.0001738271,0.0001823569,0.000152614,0.0001658277,0.0000839796,0.00008984833,0.00008826081,0.0002491752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001753719,0.0001023314,0.00009066165,0.0003233585,0.00004614731,0.0008545443,0.00008367875,0.00005849812,0.001132105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002136152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003303528,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001908912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008198458,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983713,0.0001237716,0.0002568772,0.0003937237,0.0003473943,0.00050691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996143,0.00004213976,0.00009686187,0.0001499879,0.00001122707,0.00008546504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003139106,0.00003949823,0.5803536,7.89627e-7,0.00001101839,0.000001858677,0.0006968983,0.00007619273,0.4149976,3.685024e-7,0.0001337205,0.003657038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009817495,0.0002055146,0.6078954,0.00006757508,0.00003681501,0.0000011603,0.000226751,0.0001233512,0.3894275,0.0001845691,0.0005169468,0.0003327026],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912165,0.000002391733,0.00545842,0.002164646,0.0003358103,0.0002626287,0.000002094547,0.0000780131,0.0004794704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989632,0.000005123784,0.000268962,0.0001123468,0.00005669994,0.00003466081,0.00005475719,0.00001738203,0.0004868954],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02754177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996457,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003652236263985683,"score_gpt":0.2001205846065531,"score_spread":0.1964683483425675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}