{"id":"W2473921312","doi":"10.2134/ael2016.02.0005","title":"Declining Education Levels in Young Male Farmers in Southwestern Ontario","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters","topic":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto and Region Conservation Authority; Simon Fraser University; University of New Brunswick; Mitel (Canada)","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Formal education; Geography; Socioeconomics; Agriculture; Demographic economics; Economic growth; Demography; Psychology; Economics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002094309,0.0002827491,0.000198018,0.00005851466,0.00008417133,0.00002697741,0.0002677215,0.000091022,0.008252051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001369921,0.0001927126,0.00008809393,0.0001497027,0.0002903978,0.0006756033,0.0001919691,0.0002112173,0.00107263],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004928696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001896675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01533956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04289404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979402,0.000110679,0.0004465353,0.0006367223,0.000343895,0.0005219188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999429,0.00004709622,0.0001126902,0.0002582869,7.784959e-7,0.000152172],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009816179,0.0002641228,0.8734486,0.000002115853,0.000003012262,0.00000616522,0.002064121,0.0001082063,0.1181515,0.000003576737,0.0002806002,0.0056582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005967413,0.000026925,0.9929086,0.00002671064,0.000005753659,0.00003097328,0.003727834,0.000001279948,0.0007642527,0.00002819624,0.001540706,0.0003420041],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939297,0.00001169167,0.00001281564,0.002621381,0.0002370259,0.0004363199,0.000007790252,0.00001760319,0.002725711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921679,0.000009806205,0.0002813655,0.001204926,0.00003266051,0.00009832227,0.00002697012,0.00001535184,0.00616265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1194601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007517120434975721,"score_gpt":0.2116953984288409,"score_spread":0.2041782779938651,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}