{"id":"W2474353785","doi":"10.1111/1756-2171.12219","title":"Patent rights, innovation, and firm exit","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The RAND Journal of Economics","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Patent portfolio; Competitor analysis; Endogeneity; Business; Exploit; Portfolio; Industrial organization; Economics; Intellectual property; Finance; Marketing; Econometrics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004199551,0.0001954083,0.0006320149,0.001806615,0.0007107222,0.002444443,0.0006586438,0.001551976,0.009167538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03923303,0.000156533,0.0007722905,0.001390206,0.001420043,0.001810735,0.001341689,0.002139585,0.0006585072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009171836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008343645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00462943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003309691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979773,0.0006651166,0.0001783774,0.0002822726,0.0003721137,0.0005248153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.85645,0.08637361,0.04506636,0.002714403,0.002843791,0.006551913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003946954,0.0006329781,0.9795568,0.00004837194,0.0001679985,0.0003761619,0.0001748912,0.003251328,0.0004099985,0.004219531,0.0007100332,0.01005718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006759693,0.0004294144,0.9825417,0.00004772104,0.0001296989,0.0002217179,0.0003931096,0.005342765,0.0006324764,0.008485075,0.001675411,0.000033343],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993974,0.0009173165,0.0004740528,0.0008613681,0.00001624076,0.00001453765,0.0003671154,0.00001220832,0.00336318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987587,0.0001595389,0.00005353846,0.00004545003,0.0000354028,0.000005310184,0.0002124756,0.000001960222,0.0007276695],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009167538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0306685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1602096292188557,"score_gpt":0.2145804701025033,"score_spread":0.0543708408836476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}