{"id":"W2479526000","doi":"10.1002/9781119201786.ch2","title":"Estimating Discount Rates","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Actuarial science; Valuation (finance); Economics; Financial risk; Debt; Equity (law); Econometrics; Financial economics; Business; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011927,0.0001639599,0.0003405818,0.0002233368,0.00004855383,0.00004343592,0.0001286468,0.0001910898,0.02189486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004306069,0.0001718136,0.00009121331,0.0001068112,0.00003918942,0.00006266541,0.00003910621,0.0001007925,0.006239596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003547852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001027903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009432341,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001424382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991952,0.000002244353,0.0003079244,0.0002383649,0.00002012502,0.0002361822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993373,0.00001442884,0.0003017547,0.000281707,0.00000510153,0.00005977758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.531418e-7,0.00002210045,0.01136297,0.00001795866,0.00001735232,3.355554e-7,0.00003074471,0.000005045565,1.214572e-7,0.4525609,0.5343154,0.001666686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007775619,0.000004919007,0.006401963,0.00002561487,0.00000475567,7.344804e-7,0.000004571969,0.0007063254,6.885904e-7,0.00743885,0.9850973,0.0002365238],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003820125,0.004856543,0.03144724,0.0001065377,0.001773593,0.0001379657,0.0002462743,0.0001358376,0.9612578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003875883,0.00009866324,0.01507872,0.00001797713,0.002211971,0.000023413,0.00008956598,0.0002766646,0.9783272],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4507819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9945341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03019744336207994,"score_gpt":0.2462964383525218,"score_spread":0.2160989949904419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}