{"id":"W2482054124","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2016.07.004","title":"Bubble formation process from a novel nozzle design in liquid cross-flow","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Western University","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nozzle; Bubble; Materials science; Mechanics; Drag; Liquid bubble; Discharge coefficient; Flow (mathematics); Volumetric flow rate; Physics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000214761,0.00009857036,0.0001362776,0.0001691368,0.00002093342,0.00007068958,0.0001714087,0.00005740158,0.00004216666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004574578,0.00007276664,0.00004450611,0.00004744951,0.00001988738,0.0006820423,0.00001918208,0.00009181707,0.000006294519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001104157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002831753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001181426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001382605,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999178,0.000008858674,0.0003753297,0.00007447177,0.0002356184,0.0001277132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995865,0.00007738051,0.00003460681,0.00005020632,0.0001924973,0.00005882754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006040231,0.00008549857,0.001434413,0.00002598144,0.0001235998,0.00006729534,0.001123364,0.2092826,0.7688144,0.0002193788,0.0004656467,0.01775379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002073006,0.0001006595,0.001711234,0.0003521823,0.000007545545,0.0001254318,0.00002361402,0.9685323,0.0256677,0.0006835294,0.0005761679,0.0001466609],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5492249,0.0003709533,0.449475,0.0001906773,0.0005597187,0.00003794006,0.00002194383,0.00001251756,0.0001063624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990372,0.0003667507,0.008889888,0.00005304878,0.0002722913,0.000003340536,0.00000490102,0.00001543248,0.00002236222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7592497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2967338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01099563852618099,"score_gpt":0.2426316989247019,"score_spread":0.2316360603985209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}