{"id":"W2484347493","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1212971","title":"Microstructure and fatigue properties of linear friction welded TC4 titanium alloy joints","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Titanium alloy; Cyclic stress; Joint (building); Microstructure; Metallurgy; Composite material; Softening; Deformation (meteorology); Alloy; Base metal; Hysteresis; Fatigue limit; Structural engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002806896,0.00009098362,0.0001790406,0.0004767805,0.0001231249,0.000008495377,0.0001531276,0.00009071934,0.000003478542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001994203,0.00006630841,0.0000161584,0.0006944431,0.0007462255,0.0002741605,0.00009701338,0.00008808642,3.105917e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002513852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001521078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006135295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000202124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992843,0.000004339317,0.0002025644,0.0001915443,0.0001287278,0.0001885038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996006,0.00001392382,0.00007016841,0.0001711523,0.000114774,0.00002935783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002012916,0.000002090649,0.005627681,0.00002293245,0.000008648524,5.038536e-7,0.00009727502,0.00007009075,0.9793577,0.001334775,0.000006169415,0.01347017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001158235,0.00005208654,0.0006747894,0.0001940085,0.00001087995,0.00001799256,0.0002605469,0.0017954,0.9951082,0.001578294,0.0001008755,0.00009113683],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9806358,0.0003905665,0.0180775,0.0004033199,0.00005068227,0.00006052215,0.000001196941,0.0002738967,0.0001065733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9643708,0.0002017266,0.03539567,0.000006346416,0.000007493205,0.000003191173,5.412134e-8,0.000008084528,0.000006596769],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01731817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2749499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0147635714623242,"score_gpt":0.2315322070915292,"score_spread":0.216768635629205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}