{"id":"W2484587605","doi":"10.1038/ncomms12402","title":"Ionic imbalance induced self-propulsion of liquid metals","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","field":"Engineering","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"State Government of Victoria; RMIT University; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","keywords":"Ionic liquid; Electrolyte; Marangoni effect; Liquid metal; Propulsion; Chemical physics; Materials science; Metal; Flow (mathematics); Deformation (meteorology); Aqueous solution; Ionic bonding; Mechanics; Ion; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Electrode; Metallurgy; Catalysis; Organic chemistry; Convection","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000654682,0.0001457365,0.0001267239,0.0001336181,0.0001504796,0.0004070464,0.000236155,0.000218667,0.0008911976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002190453,0.000119755,0.0001285341,0.00009345412,0.0003346022,0.0003244718,0.0004307782,0.0002435608,0.0002062678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002406908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001584255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001726186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000200723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999323,0.000007375044,0.000005316667,0.00001292473,0.00002578886,0.00001626064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999278,0.00001660972,0.00002613095,0.000007402203,0.00001063199,0.0000114664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005309913,0.00001050953,0.0002008948,0.00004073438,0.000004573109,0.0001284163,0.00003827911,0.0007165697,0.994455,0.001701502,0.00007953886,0.002570894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002273069,0.00009199346,0.0006244531,0.000004058857,0.000005741871,0.00008122987,0.00002583924,0.01175304,0.9851903,0.0005895875,0.001603221,0.000007667076],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905121,0.0003366377,0.004325019,0.0001614468,0.00003937358,0.00001515359,0.00003520144,0.00008608178,0.00448895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979108,0.0001405228,0.0009786355,0.00003276977,0.000005821213,0.000005932484,0.00001627721,0.000008319899,0.000900917],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008911976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002981365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02109806048804988,"score_gpt":0.2776681753854558,"score_spread":0.2565701148974059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}