{"id":"W2486723424","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.090","title":"Cold start idle emissions from a modern Tier-4 turbo-charged diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel, diesel-biodiesel-ethanol, and diesel-biodiesel-diethyl ether blends","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Ciência sem Fronteiras; Lakehead University","keywords":"Biodiesel; Diesel fuel; NOx; Diesel engine; Waste management; Biofuel; Diethyl ether; Environmental science; Diesel exhaust fluid; Nitrogen oxide; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Diesel exhaust; Combustion; Engineering; Organic chemistry; Automotive engineering; Catalysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001732551,0.0004852601,0.0004150276,0.0004442027,0.0006477165,0.0003377263,0.0004235859,0.0005722596,0.002418624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001779093,0.0001862425,0.0005559683,0.0002038611,0.0003321068,0.0003479983,0.00033237,0.0004144739,0.0003642206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003823699,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003122459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007511356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01015477,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998481,0.00001033053,0.000007816372,0.0000338135,0.000055869,0.00004399215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998403,0.00006644928,0.000009828797,0.000009928804,0.00004701501,0.00002661478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0121752,0.0004567323,0.01634996,0.0001790914,0.00007679551,0.000922585,0.0002002678,0.004709003,0.953457,0.0001254596,0.0006712519,0.01067657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008265406,0.002325219,0.09218906,0.00001669619,0.00008635834,0.0002279981,0.0003932585,0.01066728,0.8929813,0.000101353,0.0008756354,0.0000532955],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984083,0.00004646231,0.0005590884,0.00001683246,0.00001562469,0.000006605871,0.0001865105,0.00004298069,0.0007177122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977488,0.00003563297,0.00021011,0.0000150031,0.000003717515,0.000005289225,0.000316479,0.00001203294,0.001652988],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007511356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01493526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00957175517617542,"score_gpt":0.1825643594970454,"score_spread":0.17299260432087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}