{"id":"W2490770722","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1540618","title":"Cyberspace Warfare Attacks within Current Norms of Self-Defense","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Cyberspace; Information warfare; Nothing; Computer security; Internet privacy; Information Operations; Political science; Terrorism; Cyberwarfare; Law; The Internet; Computer science; Epistemology; World Wide Web; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00251972,0.000195729,0.0003141617,0.0001209005,0.0009371331,0.00006033428,0.0004198077,0.0001075586,0.00003806934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001981718,0.000171398,0.0002242197,0.0004271826,0.0001946086,0.0003005096,0.0000366192,0.0017351,0.0000274253],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009586366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00255033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01527204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964111,0.0002167471,0.0003764977,0.0002299274,0.0006940166,0.002071655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989967,0.00006312251,0.0003297794,0.0001753171,0.0002755582,0.0001595571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000643138,0.0003337445,0.002469252,0.000009513595,0.0002037328,0.000006046457,0.07593514,0.00002026505,0.00002696339,0.8822519,0.001299393,0.03737969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001709141,0.001055381,0.003368163,0.0001637794,0.0002406118,0.0001284438,0.1830448,0.00001978318,0.0001118803,0.7099493,0.09939275,0.0008160181],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9076477,0.03319958,0.0006530127,0.01610988,0.001614295,0.000500172,0.00001063695,0.0002893239,0.03997539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823172,0.0162229,0.000084634,0.00009198813,0.0004983256,0.000001996132,0.000001400077,0.00001146937,0.0007700861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1723027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8522158,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01223963256589517,"score_gpt":0.2952604860345788,"score_spread":0.2830208534686837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}