{"id":"W2493955875","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2019.1583510","title":"Fiscal policy, inequality, and poverty in Iran: assessing the impact and effectiveness of taxes and transfers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Middle East Development Journal","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Economic Research Forum; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","keywords":"Economics; Subsidy; Poverty; Cash transfers; Gini coefficient; Revenue; Tax revenue; Inequality; Public economics; Economic inequality; Demographic economics; Labour economics; Economic growth; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002506527,0.0003057231,0.0008383306,0.0004596899,0.0001383005,0.0003089103,0.0002086794,0.0002375048,0.00001361524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001275202,0.000247711,0.0001012846,0.000107764,0.0001429262,0.0002611828,0.0003113563,0.000719502,0.000003677353],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002417991,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001359697,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005510122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004870566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981499,0.0001344807,0.0009183811,0.0003951591,0.00005171538,0.0003503341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990341,0.0002087974,0.0004398145,0.0001671601,0.0000138529,0.0001362939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007347014,0.00005377225,0.9915379,0.0006644264,0.0001758347,0.000003962281,0.003175705,0.0002138838,0.00001810776,0.001863086,0.00002206151,0.002197824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001072133,0.00004497727,0.9371234,0.0004877227,0.000006860728,0.00008054342,0.0002274482,0.0008616942,0.00005209659,0.05968629,0.0000665699,0.0002902135],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945295,0.001795951,0.0006296597,0.000500473,0.0002040672,0.0002804158,0.000161723,0.000004538074,0.001893665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992095,0.0002856382,0.0002436221,0.00009251076,0.0001060955,0.000009441012,0.000007814348,0.00002383633,0.00002151715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05782321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08173760151945375,"score_gpt":0.2831362702240712,"score_spread":0.2013986687046175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}