{"id":"W2499322897","doi":"10.1175/mwr-d-16-0057.1","title":"Understanding Heavy Lake-Effect Snowfall: The Vertical Structure of Radar Reflectivity in a Deep Snowband over and downwind of Lake Ontario","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Weather Review","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Snow; Radar; Snowflake; Geology; Winter storm; Convection; Atmospheric sciences; Precipitation; Terrain; Meteorology; Environmental science; Geomorphology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005011024,0.000127743,0.0004126066,0.00003154093,0.00005517902,0.00000898162,0.0001183211,0.00006021591,0.003309663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001210578,0.00005579044,0.00007079549,0.0001608732,0.000146971,0.000093118,0.00001453931,0.0001187742,0.000003178875],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000141281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002718481,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001116597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.558999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988483,0.000300453,0.0002928638,0.0001940901,0.0001847034,0.0001795903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990128,0.0006423456,0.00006816657,0.000202915,0.00001267594,0.00006113452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001348694,0.00002319217,0.9852809,0.0003067242,0.00003770434,0.000003757782,0.000300548,0.00009120991,0.0001815853,0.0004610396,0.00006409509,0.0131144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006655616,0.000368473,0.9806452,0.0007159226,0.00007577912,0.000002260039,0.000006106864,0.0001416572,0.00005123251,0.008323266,0.008870291,0.0001342306],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9789378,0.01624761,0.0001775106,0.0004349655,0.00004970364,0.0005416314,0.00008226076,0.000006982032,0.003521529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987567,0.0009662246,0.00006021331,0.0001554942,0.00001204481,0.000001071934,0.000007281646,0.000002621943,0.00003832382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5578824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976014,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04665180765275,"score_gpt":0.2547351712077103,"score_spread":0.2080833635549603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}