{"id":"W2499907067","doi":"10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v15i11/46026","title":"Seven Methodologies Professors Use to Promote Student Epistemological Development and Self-Directedness","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Learning Annual Review","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Formative assessment; Socratic method; Certainty; Psychology; Order (exchange); Autodidacticism; Process (computing); Pedagogy; Epistemology; Sociology; Mathematics education; Computer science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02453587,0.0007826426,0.0004773975,0.004727645,0.003142767,0.009487214,0.001381551,0.001724027,0.004055744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04464012,0.0004085908,0.0007411132,0.002995747,0.004249334,0.005058165,0.006286824,0.002009475,0.001783165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00378712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007339358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006165055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002532407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9836228,0.009575188,0.001178538,0.001013471,0.004099763,0.0005101435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9628267,0.02085417,0.003810677,0.003113689,0.005792955,0.003601917],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001270664,0.0006387378,0.01098995,0.001169286,0.0000626238,0.0001660044,0.02485645,0.0001947383,0.003127869,0.06289846,0.01238457,0.8833842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003423402,0.0013997,0.02403801,0.004689163,0.0004038668,0.00129213,0.05136397,0.003216425,0.03093524,0.1595831,0.7225403,0.0001958079],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2032404,0.02401509,0.4384323,0.0510813,0.002351741,0.003811696,0.0002777409,0.003389874,0.2733999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4114574,0.01674676,0.5378066,0.001907887,0.0002504578,0.002409878,0.0002538558,0.0003388528,0.02882833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02453587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1297596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.163459413456201,"score_gpt":0.4574791173662806,"score_spread":0.2940197039100795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}