{"id":"W2500792778","doi":"10.1119/1.4955150","title":"Effective variations of peer instruction: The effects of peer discussions, committing to an answer, and reaching a consensus","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Physics","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dawson College; Concordia University; John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Polling; Peer instruction; Commit; Silence; Peer group; Peer feedback; Mathematics education; Distraction; Set (abstract data type); Peer review; Psychology; Social psychology; Computer science; Physics; Cognitive psychology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002651986,0.0001112138,0.0003565141,0.00009311517,0.0001435213,0.000009402494,0.0001428581,0.00002648759,0.000005715938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002190015,0.00005768547,0.00007512273,0.0003562151,0.0003786968,0.00006714239,0.00003360583,0.0004038302,8.537991e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000286862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003269397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001763349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001469646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965227,0.002580066,0.0003547449,0.0001219293,0.0002828284,0.0001377227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953052,0.002911335,0.0009012903,0.0002231784,0.0005959399,0.00006309907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001922297,0.000146817,0.02430845,0.00001552878,0.0002579711,0.000003730872,0.04098809,0.00002272876,0.03755348,0.01255384,0.000352052,0.8836051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003071726,0.00696876,0.9505493,0.0008386966,0.0003312132,0.000230838,0.02225315,0.00005605477,0.007104432,0.005198022,0.003040779,0.0003570189],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9013163,0.00001932756,0.09568762,0.002085085,0.0004507642,0.0001147533,0.000006010941,0.000007555373,0.0003125685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9843811,0.00000112248,0.01507487,0.00009912281,0.0003022302,0.000003705737,4.794859e-7,0.00001619123,0.0001211586],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9262409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.262181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01600337634215889,"score_gpt":0.353678442445814,"score_spread":0.3376750661036551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}