{"id":"W2502682581","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12445","title":"Measuring Concentrations of Dissolved Methane and Ethane and the <sup>13</sup> C of Methane in Shale and Till","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ground Water","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Cenovus Energy","keywords":"Methane; Drill cuttings; Natural gas; Oil shale; Core sample; Hydrocarbon; Environmental chemistry; Isotopologue; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Geology; Drilling; Environmental science; Soil science; Drilling fluid; Core (optical fiber); Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001208708,0.0001533352,0.00009934002,0.000279822,0.0002852399,0.0002816614,0.0002244459,0.0001551089,0.0005829167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002295958,0.0001514691,0.00006688992,0.0002311018,0.0002189553,0.0001600736,0.0001669492,0.0001828231,0.0001020131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006030693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006280848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02435142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08706591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998795,0.000006399151,0.000005123467,0.00002502692,0.000064223,0.000019762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998528,0.00002371122,0.00003589733,0.000006090549,0.00005871214,0.00002272104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003231652,0.0000345999,0.1150319,0.00005578846,0.00002019035,0.00005641852,0.0001577755,0.000631297,0.8743275,0.0000705286,0.00007726648,0.009213476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001055479,0.0002676935,0.5582202,0.00001213584,0.00002393618,0.00008547468,0.0003268043,0.004011618,0.4359586,0.00006250505,0.001009013,0.0000114255],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986217,0.00003564833,0.0006121462,0.000005269525,0.000001303615,0.000006036817,0.0002481148,0.00001147975,0.0004583419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996796,0.00007204872,0.001991638,0.00001313831,0.000001103978,0.00001477232,0.0004036415,0.000006047506,0.0007017345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02435142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04841936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01245229319638502,"score_gpt":0.1927179892538849,"score_spread":0.1802656960574999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}