{"id":"W2502931572","doi":"10.2172/1251315","title":"Integrating Renewable Generation into Grid Operations: Four International Experiences","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Electric Power System Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; Department for Enterprise, Trade and Investment, UK Government; Argonne National Laboratory; Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; National Nuclear Security Administration; Queen's University; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Heinrich Böll Stiftung; Department of Energy and Climate Change","keywords":"Restructuring; Resource (disambiguation); Renewable energy; Liberalization; Energy mix; Business; Electricity generation; Grid; Energy planning; Environmental economics; Electricity; Economics; Power (physics); Engineering; Geography; Market economy; Computer science; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004944216,0.0003504597,0.0003313268,0.000361515,0.0001331384,0.0002877038,0.0003702234,0.0003382372,0.0009176748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004016184,0.0002770213,0.00009364286,0.0002333012,0.0000215005,0.0005872186,0.00005029032,0.0001925976,0.00007460571],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001165314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004568721,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008503927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001689913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977227,0.00004518435,0.0007708456,0.000400775,0.0007996779,0.0002607475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987748,0.00004141713,0.0001067527,0.0003419337,0.0006611877,0.00007394054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003613868,0.00002971319,0.0001191983,0.0002011895,0.0004200361,0.00001933132,0.003628402,0.210047,0.01141194,0.0003169966,0.7453154,0.02848724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002820458,0.00005230297,0.000004344687,0.0005242967,0.00004001938,0.0001354082,0.0007174694,0.6722453,0.01384929,0.0000386301,0.311148,0.0009629044],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005616566,0.001302867,0.6715493,0.0001257929,0.01791356,0.0004139872,0.00001662837,0.0007355521,0.3073807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5935712,0.01699843,0.1455033,0.0001952626,0.03306812,0.004115546,0.003562263,0.0006732945,0.2023126],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5930095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02842573587764455,"score_gpt":0.2664515605926838,"score_spread":0.2380258247150392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}