{"id":"W2503969271","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-9822-8","title":"Explanation in Biology","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences","topic":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Biology; Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy; Anthropology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00158897,0.0001530673,0.0002180418,0.0001539759,0.00007376825,0.000005127437,0.0006398311,0.0002948928,0.00002638278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000481884,0.0001017551,0.00007918306,0.00005695534,0.002934949,0.00000450448,0.0002551277,0.000166251,0.000006104062],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006159279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001006236,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006762407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001477091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998765,0.0001591449,0.0002989397,0.0002746251,0.0003117518,0.000190566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992746,0.00004762895,0.0002135085,0.0002749596,0.00007952929,0.0001097374],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004965071,0.0002341033,0.0007810292,0.0007694197,0.0001867646,0.000002583901,0.001995302,0.00002160902,0.007049643,0.6511505,0.323195,0.01411757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002968799,0.0004361069,0.00008928646,0.00008399372,0.00001636416,0.000003140723,0.0000687804,0.0000222962,0.0002796174,0.4982814,0.5002387,0.0001833706],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002965948,0.02742838,0.00004602479,0.001162346,0.001447131,0.0003555948,0.00006993247,0.000006662211,0.966518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.667591,0.006170397,0.0005164203,0.002825278,0.002272981,0.00003476436,0.0002346934,0.00004977757,0.3203047],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.664625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997785,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05146348916424451,"score_gpt":0.2853790648926732,"score_spread":0.2339155757284287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}