{"id":"W2505759104","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-8711-0.ch002","title":"Effect of Steam Explosion Pretreatment on Size Reduction and Pellet Quality of Woody and Agricultural Biomass","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IGI Global eBooks","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Steam explosion; Pellets; Pellet; Cellulosic ethanol; Waste management; Biomass (ecology); Pulp and paper industry; Raw material; Environmental science; Moisture; Sawdust; Materials science; Composite material; Agronomy; Engineering; Chemistry; Cellulose; Chemical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009265012,0.0002457176,0.0002228235,0.0002031448,0.00009706772,0.0003136816,0.0001618685,0.0001666146,0.003184993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001461759,0.00009070426,0.0003220098,0.0002610952,0.000109104,0.0002605427,0.0001154262,0.0003805863,0.000670072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000110834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000993693,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005545719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001173031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999322,0.000007824457,0.000004842413,0.00001454734,0.00002758583,0.0000130048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999266,0.00002624428,0.00001615049,0.000005501877,0.00001604461,0.000009468822],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004007917,0.0001020219,0.0003193316,0.000272708,0.00001530381,0.00007206416,0.00004626463,0.000431448,0.9781174,0.00009437298,0.0002601186,0.01986819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009349367,0.000853001,0.007144491,0.0000241774,0.00003892168,0.00007967724,0.00005198432,0.000717876,0.9866266,0.0000621349,0.004382423,0.000009440397],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975339,0.01291452,0.00174478,0.0001063432,0.0001051224,0.00003614882,0.0004345901,0.0001199593,0.009199607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9746293,0.008505614,0.002353585,0.0001027601,0.00003238155,0.00002221457,0.0008879669,0.0000899612,0.01337615],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003184993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01065493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01967499854611202,"score_gpt":0.2465438824070475,"score_spread":0.2268688838609355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}