{"id":"W2506174737","doi":"10.11647/obp.0083","title":"Knowledge and the Norm of Assertion","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Open Book Publishers","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; National Endowment for the Humanities","keywords":"Assertion; Norm (philosophy); Epistemology; Psychology; Philosophy; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001233032,0.0002421294,0.0005844928,0.00008221799,0.000284896,0.001205273,0.0008452898,0.0002408856,0.001913785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001013345,0.0001371837,0.0001620402,0.00001199745,0.002230214,0.001786709,0.0003737951,0.0004141102,0.0001048107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006648496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006021967,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002612931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001968098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987684,0.0001557472,0.0003869968,0.0003069395,0.0001799783,0.0002019034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981498,0.0004788366,0.0004206986,0.0004878957,0.0003992277,0.00006355506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003180018,0.00001219471,0.000001633271,0.00006829038,0.00009443868,3.792296e-7,0.005278349,7.913688e-9,5.459333e-7,0.5381551,0.4541321,0.002225098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008861123,0.00004336569,0.000005078646,0.0001974204,0.0001141689,9.899863e-7,0.0004124886,8.190988e-7,0.000004900769,0.09011805,0.9080367,0.0001798742],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001056628,0.003598509,0.000003587783,0.002473928,0.001377365,0.0006653068,0.00004689083,0.0000208124,0.9918031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003713311,0.0002562608,0.000009428374,0.0008144958,0.0009240265,0.0000492584,0.00005927591,0.00004398174,0.9974719],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4539046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05981341063276695,"score_gpt":0.27961574667823,"score_spread":0.219802336045463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}