{"id":"W2506174737","doi":"10.11647/obp.0083","title":"Knowledge and the Norm of Assertion","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Open Book Publishers","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; National Endowment for the Humanities","keywords":"Assertion; Norm (philosophy); Epistemology; Psychology; Philosophy; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004122725,0.0002880248,0.000392457,0.0009477973,0.003069306,0.008936291,0.0007652533,0.001751541,0.003381562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01113148,0.0002595499,0.000278704,0.0008906085,0.02211656,0.00958649,0.002783075,0.003775543,0.001369947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003856078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003859818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002392233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001687432,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950244,0.002314145,0.0002201578,0.0005641702,0.001623657,0.0002535524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941711,0.00355947,0.0003566626,0.0006556443,0.001064395,0.0001927444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004445907,0.000002405697,0.00003720773,0.0000135969,0.000001005184,0.00001182238,0.001508232,0.00005979323,0.00003582774,0.9878529,0.004241676,0.006231233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004528568,0.000009117772,0.0001528852,0.00009914918,0.000003242505,0.00003909285,0.0006994646,0.0003074271,0.0001204371,0.8538756,0.1446812,0.000007791231],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006209216,0.007869245,0.01391298,0.01709378,0.001332636,0.00002710049,0.00005221201,0.00008090859,0.9534219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7272843,0.01063296,0.01106941,0.008101215,0.003205519,0.0002543585,0.000204105,0.0002527036,0.2389955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008936291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02797794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05981341063276695,"score_gpt":0.27961574667823,"score_spread":0.219802336045463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}