{"id":"W2507332081","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01513","title":"Measurement of Laminar Flame Speed and Flammability Limits of a Biodiesel Surrogate","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"BioFuelNet Canada","keywords":"Laminar flow; Laminar flame speed; Biodiesel; Combustion; Flammability limit; Schlieren; Diesel fuel; Premixed flame; Flame speed; Diffusion flame; Combustion chamber; Gasoline; Atmospheric pressure; Adiabatic flame temperature; Materials science; Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Chemistry; Meteorology; Combustor; Organic chemistry; Physics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000171683,0.0001418867,0.0002711117,0.00008381472,0.00001337778,0.000001784197,0.0001623455,0.0000911547,0.00002194775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005863159,0.0001045102,0.00005578628,0.0001418434,0.0001660751,0.00008128936,0.0000874298,0.0000578322,0.000002221025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006303439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001370996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000159554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007142726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990441,0.00001664982,0.0003015702,0.0002071007,0.0002394964,0.0001910541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992253,0.00009752507,0.0001045304,0.0003624083,0.0001685794,0.00004172603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002191788,0.00003060779,0.0003400731,0.00006482147,0.00003399688,0.000001360555,0.00002258211,0.0005033452,0.9694482,0.006516324,0.00001395166,0.02300281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004618141,0.00006290984,0.0007634893,0.0001232806,0.00001240586,0.00000154051,0.0000293659,0.0001968691,0.9947578,0.002457141,0.00101205,0.0001212884],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9533239,0.0006999612,0.04467496,0.0002910361,0.00006691608,0.00005553596,0.00001156304,0.0002666281,0.0006095177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976582,0.000170374,0.001927208,0.000003622053,0.00001632622,0.000006881636,6.607432e-7,0.00001518492,0.0002015199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04433434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4261804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02228109255228997,"score_gpt":0.2260640769416849,"score_spread":0.203782984389395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}