{"id":"W2511775547","doi":"10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00417","title":"Investigating Students’ Reasoning about Acid–Base Reactions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chemical Education","topic":"Various Chemistry Research Topics","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Division of Undergraduate Education","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Construct (python library); Base (topology); Reactivity (psychology); Mathematics education; Chemistry; Task (project management); Quality (philosophy); Psychology; Computer science; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Mathematics; Biochemistry; Medicine; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003383211,0.000121009,0.0001738484,0.00005254679,0.00005827142,0.00006869464,0.0004093575,0.0001295152,0.000653107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003923949,0.00008899267,0.0001099722,0.0001205274,0.00009037783,0.000268996,0.00006400286,0.0004364376,0.00001825838],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004434419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007476529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008392581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.001415e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998455,0.00001920227,0.0005337071,0.0001534647,0.0006078951,0.0002307187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983105,0.000154989,0.0005011405,0.0002545367,0.000442341,0.0003364836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001118017,0.000200239,0.01184978,0.00007478469,0.00003593335,0.000002354052,0.0001413131,3.772448e-7,0.9717537,0.00008216855,0.003262378,0.0125858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004308797,0.000009866805,0.0003171499,0.0007815775,0.00002722339,0.0001751257,0.0002085959,0.000006426086,0.9891213,0.001206825,0.007601381,0.0001136346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918432,0.0001966149,0.00007934836,0.002213202,0.0001556645,0.00002375964,0.000002972727,0.00002233546,0.005462924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921424,0.00005155173,0.003535658,0.00008448354,0.001280022,0.000008039031,0.000005075686,0.00002071232,0.002872064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01736763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7151063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02257929981937212,"score_gpt":0.3430795338330579,"score_spread":0.3205002340136858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}