{"id":"W2513318489","doi":"10.1038/nbt.3664","title":"Which patent and where? Why international patent transparency by companies is needed for medicines","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Biotechnology","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Population and Public Health; University of Ottawa","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Business; Transparency (behavior); Patent law; International trade; Intellectual property; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001645316,0.0001584292,0.0003273366,0.0002124308,0.00005569033,0.00002361811,0.0003042288,0.0006710376,0.000361614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009922089,0.0001276227,0.00006144893,0.0001054442,0.0001302527,0.00008882707,0.00005634621,0.0002609506,0.00005443312],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006298069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009654693,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006778319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009030283,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988757,0.000004348316,0.0003993628,0.0004182819,0.00002298896,0.0002793435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994583,0.00006744349,0.0001564867,0.0001983753,0.00004215779,0.00007722461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001440324,0.0001511028,0.01202811,0.00007235073,0.0003041724,0.000001215427,0.0002317239,6.40019e-7,0.006239054,0.7316471,0.2216598,0.02752074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001583002,0.0001060397,0.0007015925,0.00002108005,0.000008703317,0.000005680614,0.00003223613,0.0006319786,0.006579299,0.05547357,0.9346395,0.0002173271],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1888171,0.01477318,0.005947298,0.7828965,0.00182015,0.0004483898,0.002319508,0.0001423803,0.002835495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826835,0.008413128,0.0003322762,0.008113649,0.0001403517,0.00003851323,0.00002455931,0.00001993184,0.0002341235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7938664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5204304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0531491252106876,"score_gpt":0.2750210722662557,"score_spread":0.2218719470555681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}