{"id":"W2514034212","doi":"10.5539/elt.v9n10p14","title":"Instructional Strategies for Developing Critical Thinking in EFL Classrooms","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Hebei University; Department of Education of Hebei Province","keywords":"English as a foreign language; Psychology; Critical thinking; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Pedagogy; English language; Foreign language; Foreign language teaching; Macro; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001911633,0.0001014758,0.0001260717,0.0001111049,0.0007007896,0.0002102394,0.0002276898,0.000103254,0.000193012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006611266,0.00008197995,0.00004554499,0.0001100732,0.0001574987,0.0005724511,0.00003689845,0.0002328413,0.000009286955],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003226879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005289192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001741595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006795521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985523,0.0002325847,0.0002365089,0.0002367807,0.0003354195,0.0004063898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985195,0.00120171,0.00003017999,0.00009266778,0.00007672626,0.00007922215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003293261,0.00001788698,0.0006540581,0.00001146847,0.00000353844,0.000002363687,0.2234074,3.869419e-7,0.0000835223,0.7486098,0.0000979379,0.02710829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005203108,0.00001587046,0.0008715139,0.0003894938,0.000006284963,0.000001600408,0.57353,0.000006434921,0.0001207824,0.3584649,0.0657315,0.0003413157],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.809919,0.0001515088,0.09435634,0.01809637,0.003184128,0.0003459973,0.000008078805,0.000473351,0.07346525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9341227,0.000006134717,0.06368282,0.0006378091,0.0009167613,0.00004458574,0.000004093831,0.0000133121,0.0005717678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3901449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7914781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02464494456867291,"score_gpt":0.3582330452393958,"score_spread":0.3335881006707229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}