{"id":"W2514034212","doi":"10.5539/elt.v9n10p14","title":"Instructional Strategies for Developing Critical Thinking in EFL Classrooms","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Hebei University; Department of Education of Hebei Province","keywords":"English as a foreign language; Psychology; Critical thinking; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Pedagogy; English language; Foreign language; Foreign language teaching; Macro; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002392526,0.00103697,0.0004384491,0.001966628,0.0006488774,0.001537507,0.001625044,0.0009017513,0.003139582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009323458,0.0003846828,0.0002811972,0.0008094593,0.0009890853,0.001561047,0.001989095,0.001423461,0.0008784094],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009462661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002004316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005213955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00110425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984463,0.0008482794,0.0001254949,0.0001747904,0.0003287661,0.0000765341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944822,0.004258166,0.0004049529,0.0001531139,0.0004334255,0.0002682061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001189343,0.001985313,0.001533514,0.001736254,0.00002021181,0.0003526894,0.02360619,0.001481051,0.01872353,0.02394772,0.00710628,0.9193884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002670168,0.006619004,0.0320232,0.01585666,0.0005328197,0.005273741,0.07430016,0.07356036,0.1235252,0.1801585,0.4849913,0.0004888012],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2188849,0.004594994,0.6777595,0.005063675,0.0005420609,0.008056786,0.0001567316,0.003731744,0.08120967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.198044,0.002223125,0.7891272,0.0005101904,0.00007163039,0.004221984,0.00009524047,0.00009685531,0.005609764],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003139582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01265305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02464494456867291,"score_gpt":0.3582330452393958,"score_spread":0.3335881006707229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}