{"id":"W2515293885","doi":"10.55016/ojs/ajer.v62i1.56168","title":"Teachers’ Understandings of Critical and Higher Order Thinking and What This Means for Their Teaching and Assessments","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alberta Journal of Educational Research","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Higher-order thinking; Psychology; Critical thinking; Order (exchange); Teaching method; Pedagogy; Cognitively Guided Instruction","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003789837,0.00005989059,0.0001148792,0.0001349342,0.000678572,0.0002671082,0.0001384404,0.00006323338,0.001440687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01182916,0.00004114923,0.00002328789,0.00009484689,0.0008849665,0.0007644714,0.00004707507,0.0002349754,0.000001683981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001184065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007295662,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002652288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001713984,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985573,0.0003533176,0.0002246012,0.0001286843,0.0005076262,0.0002285279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9723512,0.02682204,0.00006283131,0.00005157269,0.0005147908,0.0001975966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002051997,0.000110483,0.006597326,0.00003016033,0.00003674465,6.826461e-8,0.04026118,1.03043e-8,0.0001639994,0.94139,0.002439116,0.008950369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008299166,0.0002988697,0.01854597,0.001163319,0.00004562003,0.00001980198,0.125148,0.000004092062,0.0001317584,0.7522168,0.1013882,0.0002077108],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4974963,0.00154027,0.0003574485,0.4635174,0.0005868611,0.0001784356,0.000001748687,0.000001115987,0.03632043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844047,0.0008956728,0.004882431,0.0003232793,0.0002083358,0.0000068571,5.384913e-7,0.000007961643,0.009270264],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4869083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1492272753907809,"score_gpt":0.4854263421631838,"score_spread":0.3361990667724029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}