{"id":"W2516836880","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02815","title":"Single-Core PAHs in Petroleum- and Coal-Derived Asphaltenes: Size and Distribution from Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and Optical Absorption Measurements","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Asphaltene; Alkyl; Chemistry; Coal; Petroleum; Hydrocarbon; Fraction (chemistry); Spectroscopy; Aromaticity; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Molecule","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001641018,0.0002365587,0.0003354936,0.00004167596,0.000111179,0.0001031358,0.00007920333,0.0001245069,0.00007356371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001400507,0.0001857635,0.0000406734,0.0000619741,0.0001727841,0.0001911104,0.00006261103,0.00009859202,0.000002199667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001104342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000291513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002183914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002141811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985706,0.00003548609,0.0003073328,0.0005057171,0.0002476249,0.000333236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993185,0.0001692143,0.0001229605,0.0001794935,0.0000421809,0.0001676142],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001078194,0.00006953062,0.02104853,0.00002761357,0.00005921279,0.00001130596,0.00004540838,0.00000352766,0.9610913,0.00002269607,0.00001351349,0.01749951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00206814,0.00005229147,0.01398201,0.0003120387,0.00009444681,0.000008516887,0.00008680411,0.0002457536,0.9801136,0.001752742,0.0009650883,0.0003185218],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944574,0.001220642,0.00317275,0.0002943991,0.00002382453,0.000006673981,0.0000980744,0.00005429158,0.0006718921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980177,0.000670146,0.0003221508,0.00005415108,0.0001042397,0.00001263092,0.00008401126,0.00002081621,0.0007141926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01902231,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7575217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01956259207778093,"score_gpt":0.2426939119764633,"score_spread":0.2231313198986824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}