{"id":"W2517878834","doi":"10.1039/c6cp05262b","title":"Spatially resolved surface valence gradient and structural transformation of lithium transition metal oxides in lithium-ion batteries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electrochemistry; Lithium (medication); Transition metal; Valence (chemistry); Ion; Materials science; Oxide; Cathode; Metal; Inorganic chemistry; Lithium metal; Chemical physics; Chemistry; Electrode; Physical chemistry; Metallurgy; Electrolyte; Catalysis; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004971823,0.0001139744,0.00007471573,0.0001416799,0.0001055623,0.0001859493,0.0001408932,0.0001407377,0.0004620697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009780518,0.00009935242,0.0000444339,0.00009739102,0.0001912801,0.0001340587,0.00009822137,0.0001239502,0.00009136174],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001659612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007930803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000829571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001227779,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999769,0.000002834509,0.000001142012,0.000006325431,0.000009169701,0.000003567423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999703,0.000006623075,0.000008288963,0.000003095995,0.000007276356,0.000004399877],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003327108,0.000005831953,0.0005688466,0.00001612374,0.000001227902,0.00002624365,0.00001817642,0.0001422398,0.9979078,0.00005401852,0.00001987408,0.001206418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003844196,0.00004701914,0.01111972,0.00000238294,0.000005033747,0.0001390762,0.00005187122,0.003875948,0.9841347,0.00007820014,0.000536157,0.000006027526],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974178,0.0003398172,0.001278847,0.0000210057,0.000003320517,0.000002862563,0.00007651799,0.0000368685,0.0008228845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986734,0.0001278078,0.0007338075,0.00001168532,0.000002433823,0.000003611693,0.00005725471,0.00000558406,0.0003843927],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000829571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001649499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009543902169604237,"score_gpt":0.2221411080085035,"score_spread":0.2125972058388993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}