{"id":"W2523306474","doi":"10.1111/etap.12253","title":"Underdog Entrepreneurs: A Model of Challenge–Based Entrepreneurship","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","topic":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":287,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Entrepreneurship; Creativity; Sociocultural evolution; Personality; Psychology; Work (physics); Cognition; Social psychology; Sociology; Public relations; Business; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001484761,0.0004835544,0.000449056,0.001127033,0.002013332,0.006203726,0.002039207,0.002469876,0.00819876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003121924,0.0002670603,0.0008199184,0.00104589,0.006130048,0.004921562,0.003834612,0.002447614,0.001426729],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001160919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002416219,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001671559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001638794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986389,0.0006102184,0.00003845362,0.0002360312,0.0002260088,0.0002504016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979938,0.000519575,0.0002269707,0.0002635237,0.0002145052,0.0007815922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003471778,0.0001095188,0.002061083,0.00002767996,0.00001102903,0.0005654657,0.003697145,0.004116965,0.0004272322,0.9812857,0.0007023225,0.006961147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004035923,0.000132541,0.001432662,0.00005285173,0.00001410515,0.0006805491,0.003157966,0.04280898,0.0001537182,0.9311808,0.02031907,0.00002637092],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2210855,0.0005713459,0.1663609,0.01819805,0.0002449422,0.0003533032,0.000113219,0.000129215,0.5929435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9600978,0.0003113497,0.01395237,0.0003966907,0.0000528642,0.0001923873,0.00003018147,0.00002356701,0.02494272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00819876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02742761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04251594987035513,"score_gpt":0.2695895271024648,"score_spread":0.2270735772321097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}