{"id":"W2523306474","doi":"10.1111/etap.12253","title":"Underdog Entrepreneurs: A Model of Challenge–Based Entrepreneurship","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","topic":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":287,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Entrepreneurship; Creativity; Sociocultural evolution; Personality; Psychology; Work (physics); Cognition; Social psychology; Sociology; Public relations; Business; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002669828,0.0005624415,0.0005831652,0.0003554692,0.0002863386,0.0001963729,0.0006086277,0.0001907659,0.0006316332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007382235,0.0004082207,0.0002442081,0.0004407065,0.0005691661,0.002596947,0.0004214176,0.0002418415,0.0001799791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003314077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000664543,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005327493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002201274,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962525,0.0005088779,0.0007582171,0.001118136,0.0006236524,0.0007385776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9911199,0.006523959,0.0008959909,0.000997221,0.0003780538,0.00008493733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005042553,0.001076533,0.07895564,0.0004504897,0.0003221361,0.0000571077,0.000803383,0.00130832,0.01185266,0.8343891,0.001033467,0.06470861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01143778,0.0005814244,0.008600961,0.00194666,0.002706584,0.0001004542,0.004833628,0.002168515,0.02365658,0.863688,0.07619736,0.004082055],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7920503,0.005675637,0.01022638,0.05556528,0.0016307,0.001605676,0.00009252652,0.001087185,0.1320663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934796,0.0007768436,0.0002856308,0.004182746,0.0005059172,0.00005420894,0.000008048914,0.00006629375,0.000640712],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2014293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04251594987035513,"score_gpt":0.2695895271024648,"score_spread":0.2270735772321097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}