{"id":"W2526875271","doi":"10.1039/c6ra22113k","title":"Characterizing the interactions between humic matter and calcium ions during water softening by cation-exchange resins","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RSC Advances","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Royal Society of Chemistry; Royal Society","keywords":"Reuse; Wastewater; Wastewater reuse; Calcium; Chemistry; Softening; Organic matter; Ion exchange; Environmental chemistry; Ion; Pollution; Water softening; Environmental science; Inorganic chemistry; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008435294,0.0000912398,0.0000732585,0.00001862993,0.0003653456,0.00003267445,0.0001226932,0.00001456729,0.0009047586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004633985,0.00004572365,0.00002098009,0.00004893286,0.0001254344,0.0005601787,0.0002003375,0.00005426099,0.0004380664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007194273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":7.422411e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000671846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004092097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993017,0.00002057317,0.0001249814,0.0002119323,0.00011194,0.0002288605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999709,0.00004469557,0.00004745918,0.0001509388,0.00000302289,0.00004486903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002391631,0.00004928886,0.4610733,0.00003037516,0.00003187254,0.000002711701,0.002694467,0.000007729007,0.5045052,0.0000200665,0.006036899,0.02552418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002202804,0.00001708886,0.3344337,0.00005192185,0.00002048502,0.000002856252,0.0001954515,0.000007165679,0.1071981,0.0002298573,0.5574433,0.0001798149],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903856,0.0001813259,0.0006785477,0.007197674,0.0001156228,0.0001365368,0.00001883172,0.00002607306,0.001259825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948336,0.000251859,0.0000639874,0.0002641217,0.0000700419,0.00004021665,0.000007501506,0.000009968374,0.004458733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5514064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9906473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01070884557937688,"score_gpt":0.2381794419561359,"score_spread":0.227470596376759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}