{"id":"W2527358790","doi":"10.1109/tdsc.2015.2451614","title":"CPV: Delay-Based Location Verification for the Internet","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","topic":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Computer science; PlanetLab; Geolocation; Computer security; The Internet; Computer network; Adversary; Global Positioning System; Authentication (law); Mobile device; World Wide Web; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002896677,0.0008722878,0.0009224389,0.001698316,0.001145092,0.001942278,0.003183273,0.001298478,0.003093037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02093057,0.0005004842,0.0005552597,0.0009615756,0.001535506,0.004087016,0.004165004,0.001923762,0.001122555],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001958148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002720091,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00334322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002667179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943742,0.001090059,0.0003506575,0.0008927867,0.002828158,0.0004641426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9852524,0.004468221,0.002019064,0.005724924,0.002144814,0.0003906124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001944331,0.0003478407,0.01419017,0.0005141757,0.0001978739,0.0006142447,0.0005924137,0.1921306,0.0820783,0.08683804,0.01488945,0.6056626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009138045,0.0003064024,0.0009845493,0.00002910909,0.00003181348,0.0004069899,0.00009003385,0.9295229,0.04132613,0.01987478,0.007277686,0.00005820978],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03165296,0.0003186396,0.9537364,0.0002660981,0.0001634457,0.0003047761,0.0002650819,0.01077311,0.002519487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7926725,0.0001687469,0.2038002,0.0001410463,0.00007190625,0.0001954359,0.0004435879,0.0003050633,0.002201473],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00334322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01531929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02954794041345939,"score_gpt":0.2546429856409055,"score_spread":0.2250950452274461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}