{"id":"W2528361617","doi":"10.29173/alr443","title":"The Rise and Fall of Plaintiff-Friendly Causation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alberta Law Review","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Causation; Plaintiff; Doctrine; Supreme court; Law; Political science; Law and economics; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004281667,0.00003788782,0.00008519066,0.000002882995,0.000312153,0.00001708739,0.0001287021,0.0000195686,0.00005102992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002409359,0.0000185999,0.00003111503,0.00007319691,0.0002739844,0.00008312386,0.00002814691,0.0000214178,0.00005057338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001255695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002787947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01837724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06249592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994889,0.00008192455,0.0001453421,0.00008572783,0.0001011377,0.00009692535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991891,0.0004784869,0.00008019752,0.0001645963,0.00004508031,0.00004249062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[4.275176e-7,0.00000419316,0.0001510506,0.00003703919,0.000003546323,2.717756e-8,0.000138822,5.197804e-9,0.00001880295,0.9660451,0.00132798,0.03227301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003790018,0.000005320711,0.0002505058,0.0002612071,0.0000157064,2.222366e-7,0.00001820164,4.061129e-7,0.00001515787,0.001950343,0.9974124,0.00003257256],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02647055,0.1363174,0.0001727232,0.2065414,0.000181398,0.001727836,0.00001737092,0.00003499255,0.6285363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8568206,0.136788,0.0000444312,0.0003422595,0.00005384612,0.00004793473,5.654829e-7,0.000004597651,0.005897841],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9960845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9881595,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01861895519399953,"score_gpt":0.3121237151507845,"score_spread":0.293504759956785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}