{"id":"W2529317750","doi":"10.5430/wje.v6n5p20","title":"Primary School Pupils’ Attitudes toward Learning Programming through Visual Interactive Environments","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Education","topic":"Teaching and Learning Programming","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computational thinking; Computer science; Mathematics education; Computer programming; Presentation (obstetrics); Multimedia; Logo (programming language); Psychology; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006843969,0.0001345222,0.0001769532,0.0002324436,0.0001679355,0.0002327192,0.0004663085,0.00003329926,0.00003368435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003285881,0.0000965387,0.0001028479,0.0002359714,0.00004230538,0.001712686,0.0001070265,0.0005238087,0.00005549128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004157026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000324045,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001391516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001768914,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985583,0.0002465826,0.0003801626,0.000216727,0.0003520485,0.0002461499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988319,0.0001974188,0.0006106109,0.0001560514,0.00007478613,0.0001292575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000186006,0.0003176302,0.03835571,0.00001233994,0.00004218187,0.000003528858,0.002652439,0.00003236745,0.001368055,0.0004606038,0.0002546429,0.9564819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007624998,0.0006180422,0.1602908,0.001183763,0.00004010505,0.0001769214,0.0009429383,0.00003100087,0.001050405,0.0005126114,0.8340076,0.0003833749],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.195911,0.001178698,0.793496,0.00555289,0.002708399,0.000208005,9.549795e-8,0.0001100524,0.0008348951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8942661,0.00004147281,0.1024529,0.0001503204,0.0004251459,0.000007512795,7.824196e-7,0.00001267541,0.002643103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9560986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3936734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0176934618498768,"score_gpt":0.3114195636607677,"score_spread":0.2937261018108909,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}