{"id":"W2530519841","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00927","title":"Water Sorption and Distribution Characteristics in Clay and Shale: Effect of Surface Force","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Sorption; Oil shale; Capillary condensation; Chemical engineering; Disjoining pressure; Moisture; Adsorption; Water vapor; Water content; Nanoporous; Relative humidity; Monolayer; Clay minerals; Condensation; Chemistry; Materials science; Mineralogy; Organic chemistry; Nanotechnology; Wetting; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001167762,0.00007486153,0.0001498244,0.00003279855,0.00001287873,0.000009050107,0.00002458997,0.00005613653,0.00001995279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000112268,0.00004365286,0.00001914253,0.00005298639,0.00002399627,0.00009607903,0.00001481077,0.00002651461,0.000002201161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001783981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001419406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001314433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001787352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995788,0.00003426308,0.0001375077,0.00008495595,0.00005957906,0.0001048711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998322,0.0000344061,0.00001459536,0.00007328478,0.00001085581,0.00003466263],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001616609,0.000004831889,0.005628701,0.00005041254,0.00002215763,0.000001900318,0.00009674044,0.000428727,0.9883221,0.0001090943,0.00003000245,0.005289178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004843826,0.00005251076,0.003707179,0.00004761042,0.00002007857,0.000001583924,0.000005432036,0.009984349,0.9841192,0.0001368042,0.001326974,0.000113885],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919453,0.0001430085,0.007605543,0.00006135135,0.0000377758,0.00002325456,0.00001583003,0.00002663302,0.000141335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991211,0.0004950651,0.000004228701,0.000002913336,0.00001912534,0.000004349767,0.00005106869,0.000008053976,0.0002941438],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009555622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1780112,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004232929474925331,"score_gpt":0.1910934209857295,"score_spread":0.1868604915108042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}