{"id":"W2531224248","doi":"10.5539/mas.v11n1p37","title":"On the Effect of Goal Setting on Self-Directed Learning, Achievement Motivation, and Academic Achievement among Students","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Applied Science","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Academic achievement; Mathematics education; Need for achievement; Population; Autodidacticism; Scale (ratio); Data collection; Medical education; Medicine; Mathematics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01064588,0.0002166951,0.0002134579,0.0002049648,0.0006192491,0.00003468282,0.0006061967,0.00008960616,0.00003382952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008361583,0.000115448,0.00002864903,0.0004564335,0.0004959017,0.00005993654,0.0001785876,0.0007612166,0.00002765204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001207207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002157531,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000158589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.233445e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967882,0.001012912,0.0003113334,0.0006211968,0.0008353525,0.0004309919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972816,0.001928221,0.0003166633,0.0003535355,0.00005570379,0.00006427964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002842567,0.0001598919,0.6429174,0.00001520434,0.00007189564,9.897801e-7,0.0107598,0.0001831925,0.2786111,0.01271154,0.0002261588,0.05405859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001192472,0.0008597118,0.9777137,0.0001055018,0.0000163516,6.211299e-7,0.0001440242,0.001563953,0.01732196,0.0007377283,0.0001530757,0.0001908727],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787285,0.000006437548,0.01532348,0.0003695545,0.0001406962,0.0005426568,0.000001240992,0.0002488242,0.004638545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998486,0.000001226502,0.0005019633,0.0002119392,0.00004093072,0.00009238107,8.924604e-7,0.00001997725,0.0006447028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3347963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4762826,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02069465816735195,"score_gpt":0.3428040620161987,"score_spread":0.3221094038488467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}