{"id":"W2540986639","doi":"10.1109/edssc.2005.1635283","title":"A Segmented Digital Pulse Width Modulator with Self-Calibration for Low-Power SMPS","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pulse-width modulation; Converters; Power (physics); CMOS; Electronic engineering; Calibration; Delta-sigma modulation; Pulse (music); Computer science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Voltage","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001414851,0.0001253557,0.0000944889,0.00004466753,0.00003630856,0.00005501829,0.0000760923,0.0000538419,0.00003080328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004612075,0.00009511098,0.00002333447,0.0001037936,0.00001966968,0.0004182842,0.00001722165,0.00004431579,0.000006941477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003916555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004657757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001403513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004104526,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994664,9.654284e-7,0.0001285547,0.0001302959,0.00008494451,0.0001889008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997817,0.00001393598,0.00001687879,0.0001485288,0.00002102087,0.00001795859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005128053,0.002704663,0.03695306,0.001040551,0.00126758,0.00005063192,0.0004351015,0.61806,0.03714119,0.1393003,0.0664774,0.09605674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004160455,0.0008856303,0.001813474,0.0001010365,0.00006050014,0.00001768852,0.0003866434,0.7580377,0.1688236,0.01921748,0.04502385,0.001471965],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2735623,0.00003860284,0.7153395,0.00004625897,0.00009856952,0.0003532309,0.00002960581,0.002468742,0.008063084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9714615,0.000003318684,0.02761605,0.00001857182,0.00002746174,0.00006840251,0.00004591244,0.00002797388,0.0007307783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6978992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3878514,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002777412007152581,"score_gpt":0.174010371604041,"score_spread":0.1712329595968884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}