{"id":"W2544114357","doi":"10.1177/0263395716674370","title":"Voter turnout decline and stratification: Quasi-experimental and comparative evidence of a growing educational gap","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Voter turnout; Turnout; Stratification (seeds); Demographic economics; Political science; Economics; Voting; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006308632,0.0001908034,0.0004125886,0.0004356806,0.0008554151,0.000808129,0.0004210967,0.0006173783,0.006745548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00745585,0.0002551008,0.0003786855,0.0004856747,0.001958218,0.0004719106,0.0006143759,0.0005978761,0.0004815292],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004171774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003503796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002143259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002320428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971681,0.002005482,0.0001134303,0.0003637384,0.0001842542,0.0001650271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9870223,0.006539824,0.00309961,0.002411488,0.0004377673,0.0004889598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.04011553,0.07155775,0.7464501,0.001030513,0.001245326,0.0005399227,0.02275277,0.00124973,0.03676927,0.01425386,0.002151437,0.06188379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001745594,0.0319414,0.9464138,0.00008583836,0.0003012036,0.0001798735,0.004356005,0.001214176,0.006125434,0.003275525,0.004317978,0.00004314738],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984999,0.00007261912,0.0001549437,0.00002998566,0.000007046422,0.00006009042,0.00007824857,0.000002032924,0.001095147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984969,0.00005904967,0.0002717619,0.00005371588,0.00001156532,0.0001592091,0.0001321999,0.00000273808,0.0008128292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006745548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03336364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1824415394229134,"score_gpt":0.4453287518064454,"score_spread":0.262887212383532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}