{"id":"W2548877792","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.043","title":"Electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor: Impacts of pulsed electric field application on bipolar membrane colloidal fouling and process intensification","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BioFuelNet Canada","keywords":"Electrodialysis; Black liquor; Pulp and paper industry; Membrane fouling; Fouling; Chemistry; Kraft paper; Membrane; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Lignin","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002459126,0.0001818996,0.0002229104,0.0001173284,0.0002081663,0.0005966116,0.0002084696,0.0004457499,0.001409978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005120219,0.0001221287,0.0002060801,0.0001825651,0.0001957831,0.0003689187,0.0002420112,0.0004137089,0.0001412261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003131038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004115996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003377912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003507796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998672,0.00002072572,0.000009597959,0.00002001214,0.00003958979,0.00004281485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999793,0.00007379501,0.00002819641,0.00001106338,0.00006903036,0.00002494693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007207047,0.00005018389,0.0004038525,0.00006390173,0.0000101323,0.00006262041,0.00003656388,0.0001782485,0.9939796,0.00004500283,0.00004908818,0.004400117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002083552,0.0003690283,0.003980788,0.00000712159,0.00001692855,0.00003960355,0.00009618329,0.0008023179,0.9941704,0.00002526058,0.0004654255,0.000006031888],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986153,0.0004097409,0.0003536185,0.00007399311,0.00001629262,0.000008324884,0.00005783929,0.000009723256,0.000455229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985402,0.0004227651,0.0003869735,0.00003354167,0.000007358584,0.00000484973,0.00004161756,0.000003659393,0.000559037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003377912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00671649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005163315625714103,"score_gpt":0.2304255713438117,"score_spread":0.2252622557180976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}