{"id":"W2550099664","doi":"10.1111/wej.12213","title":"Contaminated particle characteristics influence on membrane fouling","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water and Environment Journal","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fouling; Polysulfone; Membrane; Dispersity; Membrane fouling; Ultrafiltration (renal); Sphericity; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Chemical engineering; Particle size; Chromatography; Chemistry; Composite material; Polymer chemistry; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000240066,0.0001214919,0.0001135523,0.00002047679,0.0001755432,0.00004404056,0.0001337118,0.00005317419,0.002293777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002402142,0.00006286576,0.00002445925,0.00002001094,0.0002132694,0.0002564799,0.0001165021,0.0001139508,0.001198876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008668457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001225345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000284229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.085064e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990342,0.00003788183,0.0002246673,0.0001902823,0.0002304546,0.0002824779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996438,0.00002900666,0.0000588263,0.0001569793,0.000001920299,0.0001094928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004320265,0.0000453803,0.04888977,0.000002372986,0.000009818622,0.00003123367,0.0002281616,0.0002206028,0.9078482,0.00003588134,0.00007869838,0.04256669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007970369,0.0002384734,0.1720513,0.00002813906,0.00001400365,0.0001064179,0.00004019051,0.0001584063,0.811227,0.0007118105,0.01440835,0.0002188714],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970906,0.000007566397,0.0005727208,0.001705815,0.00004996084,0.00006966595,0.000002127979,0.0000333299,0.0004681502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981008,0.000456411,0.0001709064,0.0002387682,0.00002373878,0.000005333799,0.000001017175,0.000009399163,0.0009935956],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1231615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009793785669264537,"score_gpt":0.202006577838852,"score_spread":0.1922127921695875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}