{"id":"W2551571823","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.071","title":"The effect of torrefaction on syngas quality metrics from fluidized bed gasification of SRC willow","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"SaskPower; Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Torrefaction; Syngas; tar (computing); Pulp and paper industry; Fluidized bed; Waste management; Chemistry; Heat of combustion; Pyrolysis; Materials science; Combustion; Organic chemistry; Catalysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004716563,0.0002956325,0.0003084827,0.0002315071,0.000250493,0.0005351597,0.000180687,0.000267764,0.0006081974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000676321,0.0001273356,0.0003713477,0.000305593,0.0001987356,0.000501866,0.0002269951,0.0003790015,0.0001210631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000346086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002106996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003775101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007974174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996551,0.00003810064,0.00003226752,0.00006119294,0.0001487725,0.00006455445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996724,0.00009026421,0.00007129933,0.0000201137,0.0001216633,0.00002428722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001263695,0.00006230763,0.004156245,0.00006382799,0.00004256722,0.00007402475,0.00004836076,0.001276024,0.985327,0.00003820266,0.00008534778,0.007562325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005638833,0.0004851906,0.01778729,0.000003404596,0.00003029808,0.00002612218,0.00005818981,0.002111475,0.979252,0.00001155644,0.0002200948,0.000008631353],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99897,0.0002234608,0.0003461474,0.00001448358,0.000011097,0.000004457181,0.0001566212,0.00001756395,0.000256106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991702,0.000113865,0.0002380314,0.00001148918,0.000002440294,0.000002535226,0.0002114245,0.000008409919,0.0002417744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003775101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007506251,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00850149472480413,"score_gpt":0.2178136373590551,"score_spread":0.209312142634251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}