{"id":"W2552390328","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2016.1253695","title":"Algorithmic prediction in policing: assumptions, evaluation, and accountability","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policing & Society","topic":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":332,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bureau of Justice Assistance; University of Toronto; University of New South Wales","keywords":"Accountability; Software deployment; Purchasing; Law enforcement; Computer science; Key (lock); Predictive analytics; Enforcement; Misconduct; Computer security; Business; Data science; Law; Political science; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06978523647463453,"score_gpt":0.413343928053592,"score_spread":0.3435586915789575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."},"direct_labels":[],"classifier":{"requested":true,"available":true,"version":"metacan-v1-d91a1de5be90","frame_rows_covered":4299418,"decision_targets":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad","bibliometrics","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","randomized_trial","nonrandomized_trial","observational","systematic_review","meta_analysis","case_report","qualitative","simulation_or_modeling","bench_or_experimental","theoretical_or_conceptual","not_applicable"],"score_encoding":"uint16_le_65535","score_resolution":0.000015259021896696422,"interpretation":"Scores imitate each teacher on the enriched screening sample; they are not calibrated prevalence probabilities for the full frame.","warning":null},"prediction":{"classifier_version":"metacan-v1-d91a1de5be90","candidate_union":["observational","qualitative"],"consensus_intersection":["observational"],"score_encoding":"uint16_le_65535","score_resolution":0.000015259021896696422,"scores":{"codex":{"metaresearch":0.017425803006027314,"metaepi_narrow":0.000045777065690089265,"metaepi_broad":0,"bibliometrics":0.00010681315327687495,"sts":0.0017547875181200886,"scholarly_communication":0.0009613183794918746,"open_science":0,"research_integrity":0.0007476920729381247,"randomized_trial":0.000030518043793392844,"nonrandomized_trial":0.00007629510948348211,"observational":0.8720836194399939,"systematic_review":0.000030518043793392844,"meta_analysis":0.000030518043793392844,"case_report":0,"qualitative":0.061158159761959256,"simulation_or_modeling":0.0012970168612191958,"bench_or_experimental":0.00044251163500419623,"theoretical_or_conceptual":0.004409857328145266,"not_applicable":0.0020752269779507134,"design_other":0.03006027313649195},"gemma":{"metaresearch":0.014480811779964905,"metaepi_narrow":0.000015259021896696422,"metaepi_broad":0.000015259021896696422,"bibliometrics":0.00012207217517357137,"sts":0.005127031357289998,"scholarly_communication":0.00007629510948348211,"open_science":0.00006103608758678569,"research_integrity":0.0002746623941405356,"randomized_trial":0.000030518043793392844,"nonrandomized_trial":0.000030518043793392844,"observational":0.6880750743877317,"systematic_review":0.00032043945983062486,"meta_analysis":0.000030518043793392844,"case_report":0,"qualitative":0.020904859998474096,"simulation_or_modeling":0.004669260700389105,"bench_or_experimental":0.0005493247882810712,"theoretical_or_conceptual":0.007690547035934997,"not_applicable":0.017303730830853743}},"interpretation":"Scores imitate each teacher on the enriched screening sample; they are not calibrated prevalence probabilities for the full frame."}}