{"id":"W2552734705","doi":"10.3968/8877","title":"An Overview of Studies Conducted on Washback, Impact and Validity","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in literature and language","topic":"Student Assessment and Feedback","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Test of English as a Foreign Language; Language assessment; Test (biology); Psychology; English language; Mathematics education; China; Pedagogy; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005144934,0.0001251318,0.000307236,0.00007059696,0.0001316917,0.00003455707,0.00008337425,0.00005955527,0.00002298985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002546006,0.00006711943,0.00003481997,0.0002142133,0.000462177,0.0002552887,0.00005985598,0.00007526092,8.581526e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003971666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001481465,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005510808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004159891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990832,0.0002104061,0.0001474306,0.0001986129,0.0001760797,0.0001842597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993147,0.0003617293,0.0000619096,0.0001222193,0.00009338002,0.00004604424],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001111743,0.0001461309,0.1388158,0.0002948481,0.0003631457,0.00005473637,0.8240075,7.492145e-8,0.003168911,0.01967467,0.002957904,0.01040516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004053362,0.001826194,0.4272939,0.005221401,0.000161757,0.000005324406,0.538206,0.000001032339,0.0008473154,0.01163821,0.009865802,0.0008797824],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8551471,0.1429022,1.583161e-7,0.0003357591,0.0001709631,0.0001295179,0.00001847117,0.00001586552,0.001279978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9528309,0.0463759,0.00004386759,0.0001092477,0.0001742835,0.000007014056,0.000002008762,0.000004756806,0.0004520089],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2884781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2737051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1500407982298959,"score_gpt":0.4973318661950544,"score_spread":0.3472910679651585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}