{"id":"W2554931603","doi":"10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.010","title":"Effect of urea on protein-ligand association","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biophysical Chemistry","topic":"Enzyme Structure and Function","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Chemistry; Urea; Lysozyme; Ligand (biochemistry); Solvent; Excluded volume; Folding (DSP implementation); Solubility; Thermodynamics; Crystallography; Biochemistry; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry; Receptor","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001179384,0.00008054727,0.0001240984,0.000004738481,0.00002323638,0.000007955741,0.00007121949,0.00008686427,0.000170153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001759078,0.00004518617,0.00005149747,0.00004367376,0.00003063469,0.00004067633,0.00001547463,0.00003985018,0.0001188422],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005687498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009986137,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002566264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.718611e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994197,0.00002195687,0.00009376327,0.0001520289,0.000197998,0.000114565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995884,0.000112889,0.00009464202,0.0001406931,0.00002948846,0.00003390729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009528937,0.00001721736,0.00009808059,0.0000561339,0.000003672579,4.337985e-7,0.000003862075,1.823861e-7,0.998487,0.00005646986,0.0003763147,0.0008053581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003273176,0.0001697226,0.0002646259,0.00004643074,0.000009751307,2.931435e-7,5.059193e-7,9.24509e-7,0.9986788,0.0001297225,0.0003106717,0.00006120695],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956757,0.000003010415,0.00001990093,0.00008572621,0.00008873459,0.0000673983,0.00001595721,0.00003506744,0.004008456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997806,4.40139e-7,0.00001369171,0.0000100491,0.0003341698,0.00001191023,0.000002294772,0.000005719282,0.001815729],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002192727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1863056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00301448629214064,"score_gpt":0.208758307709398,"score_spread":0.2057438214172573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}