{"id":"W2555033786","doi":"10.1103/physreve.94.053202","title":"Multispecies plasma expansion into vacuum: The role of secondary ions and suprathermal electrons","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical review. E","topic":"Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Ion; Plasma; Atomic physics; Electron; Adiabatic process; Physics; Ionic bonding; Electric field; Distribution function; Acceleration; Classical mechanics; Nuclear physics; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000203052,0.0005421186,0.0004040991,0.0002778431,0.0003697547,0.0006530549,0.0004999638,0.0005253457,0.000917674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005201396,0.0001766067,0.0004358079,0.0001545233,0.0006622046,0.0006971699,0.0008690978,0.0003537148,0.0001404782],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002565836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001858495,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005400288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002483946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999338,0.00002121747,0.000001739785,0.00001182572,0.00001356945,0.00001775035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998273,0.00007007899,0.00003727383,0.00001525889,0.00001773024,0.00003224594],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005012695,0.000290084,0.009070672,0.0006280844,0.0001289685,0.004333572,0.001053368,0.3306343,0.2687562,0.36018,0.001625782,0.02279762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004771454,0.0002414556,0.004015543,0.00002760434,0.00003213666,0.0009566072,0.0002275489,0.9314238,0.01505701,0.04475635,0.003174609,0.00003956916],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8705475,0.003551674,0.1021695,0.0006135138,0.0001615301,0.000052303,0.00005132484,0.000138035,0.02271462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940556,0.0006789742,0.00250424,0.00004082943,0.00003341394,0.00001271366,0.00001140563,0.0000155921,0.00264724],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000917674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003069937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005351954314498987,"score_gpt":0.25342787638208,"score_spread":0.248075922067581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}