{"id":"W2555613390","doi":"10.5539/jel.v6n1p102","title":"The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches and Methods in Language “Testing and Assessment” Research: A Literature Review","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Interpreting and Communication in Healthcare","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":802,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Strengths and weaknesses; Qualitative research; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Sample (material); Quantitative research; Feeling; Perception; Management science; Computer science; Data science; Social psychology; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.08376086,0.001735095,0.004166675,0.03520762,0.004417032,0.00886049,0.003486468,0.005119659,0.003652138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1525264,0.001759778,0.003581185,0.03671196,0.004342007,0.01238644,0.003529511,0.00391135,0.00103335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009591987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02630749,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01046713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02013378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9327093,0.03545671,0.01251694,0.00313922,0.01496016,0.001217728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6472402,0.2953543,0.01235512,0.003379377,0.04043094,0.001240083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001081691,0.0001548563,0.001817207,0.2825567,0.000640328,0.0005828346,0.007489975,0.0004583184,0.000668575,0.02458474,0.020574,0.6603643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003884667,0.0001468051,0.00401751,0.6289756,0.001848493,0.001306362,0.01150374,0.0005811841,0.0006613538,0.01157992,0.339169,0.0001712807],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005991411,0.9880928,0.00341063,0.005035098,0.0009022991,0.0003878117,0.0001005978,0.00002005832,0.001451498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006936814,0.9817562,0.00764541,0.00186949,0.0004197173,0.0009164867,0.0001115782,0.00002158889,0.0003227215],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9162391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.442975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5743472513362955,"score_gpt":0.731822633299884,"score_spread":0.1574753819635885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}