{"id":"W2560220198","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.006","title":"Effect of calcium ions on fouling properties of alginate solution and its mechanisms","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Membrane; Calcium; Chemistry; Filtration (mathematics); Chemical engineering; Fouling; Size-exclusion chromatography; Membrane bioreactor; Chromatography; Membrane fouling; Colloid; Calcium alginate; Ultrafiltration (renal); Polymer; Ion; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002219427,0.0000990292,0.0002297989,0.0001857945,0.0001077719,0.00001156503,0.0004312389,0.00004687879,0.00006806476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009160038,0.0000525537,0.00005016999,0.0003710422,0.0007868125,0.0005993544,0.0001390445,0.00009216885,0.00001385632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008367193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004082055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008706573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001351225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984633,0.00007330427,0.0003690425,0.0001660509,0.0007358023,0.0001924766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991394,0.0001162079,0.0004530424,0.0001590024,0.00006008545,0.00007221803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007595692,0.00002029169,0.00008385385,0.00003342121,0.00000314242,0.000001522582,0.0000802022,0.0002604104,0.9916921,0.0005597592,0.000008615521,0.007180694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004128565,0.001102582,0.0005934243,0.0002228081,0.00001272431,0.00003540371,0.00002725787,0.0009641035,0.9962692,0.0002735429,0.0000217044,0.00006435877],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963831,0.0000782925,0.00211096,0.0007033586,0.0001494484,0.0001357105,0.000001366569,0.00001174302,0.000426016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991982,0.00006373803,0.0006139706,0.0000138755,0.000008225523,0.000001620147,1.73675e-8,0.000004271282,0.00009610358],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007116335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2899044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02135851116046476,"score_gpt":0.264327842166974,"score_spread":0.2429693310065093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}