{"id":"W2560480835","doi":"10.5539/jel.v6n2p13","title":"Critical Thinking among Post-Graduate Diploma in Education Students in Higher Education: Reality or Fuss?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Focus group; Psychology; Qualitative research; Mathematics education; Higher education; Quality (philosophy); Pedagogy; Multimethodology; Medical education; Semi-structured interview; Teaching method; Qualitative property; Sociology; Social science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002787522,0.0001111692,0.0001947577,0.0003819197,0.0003459167,0.000232347,0.0002389875,0.0001046175,0.0008360291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00478508,0.00008164672,0.00004168749,0.0004115272,0.0001759889,0.0007323648,0.00003158821,0.0004711856,0.00001242512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004748069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004294768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005575523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003937373,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976064,0.0007703095,0.0005826864,0.0001873388,0.0006053916,0.000247875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979692,0.0007885853,0.0002332864,0.00008882733,0.0006718361,0.0002482446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006329751,0.002106881,0.6530276,0.00005129939,0.00001244764,0.000002666214,0.0716612,0.000001231531,0.00005595532,0.06639879,0.00260607,0.2040126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002413759,0.00005599535,0.867158,0.0009424196,0.00001137684,0.000009056043,0.06136107,3.616669e-7,0.000006267291,0.01772822,0.05234743,0.0001384259],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9073431,0.0003963772,0.0000206875,0.08058808,0.003332291,0.0001356712,1.950431e-7,0.00001432524,0.008169196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9829422,0.0003598019,0.001076619,0.002190037,0.0007885954,0.00002079391,0.000001786271,0.00001068591,0.01260949],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2141304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9153932,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07018146261471579,"score_gpt":0.4295805672600432,"score_spread":0.3593991046453274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}