{"id":"W2561884444","doi":"10.5430/rwe.v7n2p44","title":"Public Social Expenditures and Economic Growth: Evidence from Selected OECD Countries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research in World Economy","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Gross domestic product; Per capita; Investment (military); Panel data; Public expenditure; Government spending; Government (linguistics); Development economics; Per capita income; Government expenditure; Endogenous growth theory; Public economics; Public investment; Demographic economics; Macroeconomics; Economic growth; Human capital; Econometrics; Public finance; Public fund; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002041319,0.0002612198,0.0006289654,0.001268434,0.0003257857,0.0004228674,0.0006199251,0.0001718876,0.002766479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002283248,0.0002627817,0.00008877834,0.0002011073,0.0005630854,0.00176483,0.0003155853,0.0004001736,0.004980218],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000971565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001529226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002545417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003000366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968262,0.0001248109,0.0009165438,0.0009720519,0.00004746698,0.001112905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976844,0.001398891,0.000231866,0.000380422,0.00004119237,0.0002632009],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005745388,0.00003313334,0.5337486,0.00003266262,0.00005861761,0.00000586331,0.0002882284,5.322585e-7,0.00001645195,0.4469392,0.01788271,0.0009365211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001185243,0.00005013446,0.2403775,0.00006947562,0.000002035774,0.000002742579,0.00005495015,0.0002195146,0.0003902264,0.6405069,0.1166498,0.0004914189],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.80224,0.003424978,0.00006691986,0.05699379,0.0003828135,0.000555636,0.0004756615,0.00008829891,0.135772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970415,0.0005345155,0.00007906651,0.0002940633,0.0008906577,0.0001600155,0.00001253247,0.00004286052,0.0009447603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2933711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1742970210598955,"score_gpt":0.3207887989844161,"score_spread":0.1464917779245206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}