{"id":"W2566905302","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyw303","title":"Commentary: Delay discounting and smoking: robust correlation, but uncertain causation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"International Journal of Epidemiology","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton; Homewood Research Institute","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Medical Research Council; National Institute on Drug Abuse; British Heart Foundation; Cancer Research UK","keywords":"Causation; Delay discounting; Correlation; Discounting; Econometrics; Medicine; Psychology; Economics; Mathematics; Philosophy; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01226342,0.0003096946,0.001030446,0.0009689103,0.0001238455,0.000197025,0.001572639,0.0006773236,0.0005880012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01820505,0.0001995036,0.0003445274,0.0001132641,0.0003291747,0.0006366901,0.0002977363,0.001401248,0.00006556702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004324531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001486454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001512896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002219934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9935259,0.00121812,0.003278372,0.0005519459,0.001050997,0.0003747318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9722463,0.02072086,0.004967622,0.0003695296,0.00158684,0.00010885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004969651,0.00001146674,0.0362278,0.000001395677,0.0001221868,0.0002782034,0.00004883077,0.001094548,0.000003842412,0.0002002748,0.8251492,0.1368125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004762936,0.00009214365,0.002188126,0.0002014962,0.00005979074,0.001091506,0.00006228952,0.001224657,0.000001831061,0.1425061,0.8518825,0.0002133011],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0426799,0.0003922082,0.04738575,0.8996303,0.009310068,0.00009211803,0.0001635883,0.00001039677,0.0003356735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06590355,0.0004380848,0.006568301,0.909813,0.01586169,0.000005568626,0.0001753006,0.00005314684,0.001181373],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1423058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.990065,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2210150154491697,"score_gpt":0.4365762037311678,"score_spread":0.2155611882819982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}