{"id":"W2568414562","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v6n4p25","title":"Citation Practices in the Literature Review: A Contrastive Study of Sudanese and British Applied Linguistics Ph.D. Theses","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Linguistics; Mainstream; Intertextuality; Variety (cybernetics); Attribution; Corpus linguistics; Applied linguistics; Psychology; Sociology; Computer science; Philosophy; Political science; Artificial intelligence; Library science; Social psychology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001045725,0.0001106719,0.0003650181,0.0001791574,0.00007406879,0.000169435,0.0001989675,0.00001432278,0.0001394728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009319267,0.00005949141,0.00006499258,0.0001502585,0.0001572592,0.0001634142,0.00003002279,0.000194374,4.875587e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001247401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000156254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001135974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01318865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987894,0.000195477,0.0004623711,0.0001109268,0.0003251937,0.0001166398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971393,0.0009024659,0.0009280921,0.0001361247,0.0008704872,0.00002357454],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009241043,0.0005959661,0.001252453,0.0002958359,0.0003758509,0.0004727941,0.967785,0.000001060593,0.00003630911,0.01149935,0.006330077,0.01126288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001737822,0.0003336629,0.001946982,0.00695165,0.0007062473,0.00001760883,0.9285622,4.864172e-7,0.00001953958,0.0003683374,0.05914947,0.0002060443],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6255711,0.2110871,0.000002312245,0.0004014764,0.000695183,0.0006270378,0.00006392053,0.00001552534,0.1615363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920586,0.005666083,0.00002550586,0.0002160116,0.001486133,0.000008483716,0.00000172988,0.000009247041,0.0005282458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3664874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01785875100201986,"score_gpt":0.2899472783537024,"score_spread":0.2720885273516825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}